Doctoring

Medical doctors have a bad reputation for never being around and being useless. Can you do better?

The Health System

All crew members spawn with 100% health, and with four categories of damage: suffocation, toxin, burn, and brute. Any damage taken will add to its corresponding category and subtract from total health. There is also brain and bleeding damage, which work differently from the others. As one's health declines, they will be slowed down and generally find it harder to move around. Certain drugs, such as morphine and salicylic acid, can reduce these penalties.

At 0% health, the patient enters critical health. They will stumble around, have significantly lower max stamina (-100) and stamina regeneration (-5), fall in and out of consciousness, begin to slowly take suffocation as well as brain damage and have an ever-increasing chance to develop shock and cardiac failure. If left untreated, they will eventually reach a certain amount of damage (overall, around 400) and can randomly die. Atropine and synaptizine when used together can greatly reduce this chance. Generally speaking, people are unlikely to survive 200 (-100% health) or more total damage.

If the patient is properly healed and returned above 0% health, their body will still need time to recuperate. After leaving critical condition, they will receive a "Recent Trauma" debuff, decreasing max stamina by 100 and stamina regeneration by 2. Morphine, salicylic acid, and diethyl ether can help patients recover from recent trauma faster, in order of most to least effective.

Drugs

Main article: Chemicals#Medical Chems

Medical doctors have access to some of these in medbay, and others can be created by botanists (though you'll have to nag them for it). The quartermaster can order a number of medical resupply kits. Advanced drugs can be created by the scientists, assuming they haven't already burned themselves to death. Medibots can synthesize many different medicines, as mentioned in the tables below.

Basic

Drug	Use	Advanced version
Ephedrine	Stabilizes critical patients, but less effectively than epinephrine. Reduces stun/knockdown effects. Addictive.	Epinephrine
Epinephrine	Stops suffocation, stabilizes critical patients. Treats cardiac problems. Dampens severe allergic reactions and flushes out histamine somewhat. Reduces stun/knockdown effects. Slows down effects of saxitoxin. Causes sickness on overdose (20+ units).	Atropine
Salbutamol	Treats suffocation damage and respiratory failure and repairs the lungs and spleen. Part of the standard medibot injection set.	Perfluorodecalin
Styptic Powder	Heals BRUTE. Slightly slows down the health loss from bleeding, but it won't help much in severe cases. Only apply topically (patch, dropper, etc.)!	Synthflesh
Silver Sulfadiazine	Heals BURN. Only apply topically (patch, dropper, etc.)!	Synthflesh
Saline-glucose Solution	Slowly heals BRUTE and BURN, handles circulatory shock, increases the body's natural regeneration rate of blood. Part of the standard medibot injection set. Having Saline in your bloodstream for too long will cause hypertension due to its blood regenerating effects.
Charcoal	Treats TOX, absorbs other reagents in the body, and can cure kidney and liver failure.	Pentetic Acid
Calomel	Rapidly flushes chemicals out of people's bloodstreams, but causes TOX in the process.	Pentetic Acid
Potassium Iodide	Basic anti-radiation medicine. Reduces radiation, heals a small sliver of TOX, and can repair kidney, liver, intestines, and stomach damage a little bit. Part of the standard medibot injection set.	Pentetic Acid
Ammonium Bicarbonate (Smelling salts)	Basic anti-radiation medicine, weaker than potassium iodide. Stabilizes critical patients, slightly more effectively than ephedrine but not epinephrine. Flushes out certain depressants and knockout drugs.	Pentetic Acid
Cryoxadone	Heals all organs and most damage types; used in cryo chambers. Only works at low temperatures!	Omnizine
Salicylic Acid	Basic painkiller. Heals small amounts of BRUTE. Decently reduces the speed penalty from injuries, reduces overheating, and helps with recovering from Recent Trauma, though not as much as morphine.	Morphine
Morphine	Sedation. Low doses significantly reduce the speed penalty from severe injuries, help with jitteriness, and speed up recovery from Recent Trauma. Addictive.
Chicken Soup	Basic anti-viral. Can cure minor diseases, such as food poisoning or the flu, but not as well as Robustissin can. Available from coffee machines.	Robustissin
Space Ipecac	Emetic. May induce vomiting, causing the patient spew out their most recent meal (and whatever reagents/poisons were in it) as half-digested food chunks. May cause food poisoning.
Promethazine	Anti-emetic. Stops almost all vomiting, helping to ease the symptoms of (but not cure) food poisoning and addiction withdrawls.
Menthol	Burn and fever medication. Attempts to lower body temperature back to normal, sometimes heals a little BURN. Can penetrate skin.
Diphenhydramine	Also known as antihistamine. Treats allergic reactions by flushing out histamine and reducing its effects.	Epinephrine
Mannitol	Cures brain damage, but only at the "minor", "moderate", and "major" levels. Any level of brain damage above "major" requires synaptizine and/or atropine.
Synaptizine	Stimulant, stronger buffs than epinephrine or ephedrine. Highly effective at fixing severe and lethal levels of brain damage, much less effective at lower levels. Causes sickness at high (40) doses.

Advanced

Drug	Use
Atropine	More powerful version of epinephrine, useful when a patient is near death. Fixes cardiac problems, heals a bit of BRUTE and BURN, reverses brain damage, especially at "severe" and "lethal" levels of brain damage, and rapidly flushes saxitoxin out of the body.
Perfluorodecalin	Treats suffocation very well, causes mildly annoying gasping in the meantime. Slowly heals BRUTE and BURN and heals lung and spleen damage slightly faster. Can cure respiratory failure. Synthesized by the Head Surgeon medibot instead of salbutamol. Addictive. You might see people walking out of the cloner with a Perfluorodecalin addiction once in a while.
Synthflesh	Heals BRUTE and BURN very effectively, and also stops bleeding instantly. Only apply topically (patch, dropper, etc.)!
Pentetic Acid	Reduces radiation, heals TOX, treats damage to the liver, kidneys, stomach, and intestines, can cure kidney and liver failure, flushes all other chemicals. Causes BRUTE and BURN.
Omnizine	Heals all organs, fixes brain damage, and most types of damage, reduces bleeding slightly, and regenerates blood. Addictive.
Haloperidol	Anti-psychotic/sedative. Rapidly removes psychoactive drugs and stimulants, can cure certain psychoses, causes brain damage. Regular darts fired by the tranquilizer rifle also contain it.
Spaceacillin	Treats certain diseases. Part of the standard medibot injection set.
Robustissin	Can cure minor diseases, such as food poisoning or the flu.
Mutadone	Removes mutations, harmful, beneficial, or harmless.
Oculine	Treats eye and hearing damage.
Antihol	Treats drunkenness.
Insulin	Handles hyperglycaemic shock.
Teporone	Normalizes body temperature. Addictive.
Filgrastim	Stimulates blood production; usually used after moderate blood loss.
Heparin	An anticoagulant, which will worsen bleeding but will also lessen the symptoms of hypertension, lower blood clots, and help with heart disease.
Proconvertin	A coagulant, which will significantly lessen blood loss. If you use too much, it can worsen or sometimes cause clots, and increase blood pressure.

Damage

Not all mobs are susceptible to all damage types, but humans and monkeys are generally the most vulnerable. A couple of mutations, for example thermal resistance, offer some immunity. Of note:

• Changelings don't have to breathe and are thus not affected by suffocation and gas leaks, and they also can't contract diseases and pathogens, or develop heart conditions.
• Vampires are immune to diseases and pathogens.
• Cyborgs don't have to worry about toxins, radiation or suffocation, but they can still be dented or burned.

In technical terms, the damage types are often referred to as OXY, TOX, BURN, BRUTE, BRAIN, BLEEDING, EYE, and EAR.

Note: Don't forget that every medical PDA (cyborgs included) is equipped with a reagent scanner! Separate hand-held devices and upgrades for regular health analyzers are also available. Its usefulness to quickly identify poisons cannot be overstated.

Suffocation

The patient has been exposed to an area without a proper atmosphere, or strangled. Other possible causes include:

• Presence of CO2.
• Certain chemicals and chemical fumes, for example pancuronium.

Health analyzers indicate the exact amount of oxygen/suffocation damage. If you lack one and can't easily obtain another, you could use a stethoscope, found in oxygen deprivation first aid kits. Unlike the analyzer, it mostly gives ranges rather than exact numbers. If you hear "labored breathing", that indicates more than 80 OXY. "Hyperventilation with an irregular pattern" is 60-80 OXY. Just "hyperventilation" is 20-60.

Salbutamol will speed up recovery, but suffocation damage will heal naturally if there is enough air to breathe, provided the patient has not gone into critical health. If they are wearing an air tank and mask, make sure the valve isn't closed. If it isn't, the tank is probably empty or not configured properly, so take it off.

A patient in critical health can't breathe unassisted. Inject saline and/or epinephrine to stabilize them, or give CPR by using an empty hand on them with Help intent. Make sure neither of you are wearing masks or hats.

LOSEBREATH

The patient is having trouble breathing. The patient's OXY damage will fail to naturally clear and speaking will cause the words to come out as whispers. Not really a damage type, but nevertheless acts like one and is very closely associated with suffocation damage and the things that cause suffocation, though, technically speaking, it does not in and of itself cause it.

You won't find it on a scanner reading, but if you ever see an O2 Warning icon pop up on your screen, that's LOSEBREATH at work.

Salbutamol will help the patient breathe again, as will cardiac stimulants like epinephrine, but LOSEBREATH will reverse itself naturally, proved there is enough air to breathe, and the patient is not in critical condition or worse. Giving CPR by clicking on a patient with an empty hand with Help intent will also reduce LOSEBREATH.

Toxin

Toxin damage can come from a few sources:

• Breathing plasma - Move the patient to a safe area if there is a gas leak.
• Certain viruses - Treat the virus first, then deal with the toxin damage.
• Ingesting harmful chemicals - Treat the poisoning first, then administer anti-toxins.
• Radiation poisoning - Deal with the poisoning first if anti-rad medicine is available.

The primary remedy for the toxin damage itself is activated charcoal (anti-toxin pills). Potassium iodide is weaker, but it still works fairly well. Pentetic acid is the superior alternative. It heals toxin damage more quickly, at the risk of causing BRUTE and BURN, though these are considerably easier to treat than toxin damage.

To treat poisoning, which is often associated with toxin damage, you will usually want to flush the poison out first. Charcoal can flush out poisons, but it's rather weak. Calomel is much stronger and rapidly flushes the patient of poisons at the cost of causing toxic damage itself. Pentetic acid is just as strong as calomel, but its side effects, BRUTE and BURN, are easier to deal with. Unfortunately, all these chemicals are indiscriminate and remove both medicines and poisons, so you will need to adjust your doses to account for this. This is what makes the dialysis machine useful; dialysis still removes things that aren't poisons, but it won't touch certain medicines, specifically those that can go into a hypospray.

Certain toxins warrant special considerations:

• Embalming fluid: Will decay into histamine, which can cause anaphylaxis.
• Amanitin: This poison will cause toxin damage, kidney damage, and liver damage when the last unit decays. The amount of damage is based on how long it was in the patient's bloodstream. If you see a patient who has lots of toxin damage, kidney damage, and liver damage but is otherwise healthy, they are/were likely a victim of this chemical.
• Coniine: Causes rapid asphyxiation and renders the victim incapable of speech.
• Cytotoxin: Causes toxic and brute damage. Decays into histamine, and can cause limbs to fall off in large doses.
• Saxitoxin: Causes paralysis, shaking, vomiting, suffocation, toxin damage, and some burn damage. Neutralize with atropine.

Toxin damage may also affect the kidneys and/or liver. Their own particular considerations are detailed in their respective sections.

Burn

Burn damage can come many sources, such as:

• Fire, acid and electrical shocks are the most common.
• Exposure to space and Trench tiles without protective gear.
• Exposure to extremely high or low temperatures.
• Explosions.
• Inhaling superheated gas will fry someone's lungs from within, causing massive burn damage. Make sure you have internals on before rushing to help these patients.
• Certain weapons (such as a welder or phasers) will also cause burn damage.
• Eating spicy food or food injected with certain hot chemicals.

If the patient is on fire, put the fire out before anything else, The burning sprite can be slow to update sometimes, so it can be hard to tell if you have extinguished the fire. Stuffing the patient into cryo will rapidly put out the fire while also healing them - making it perfect for all those flaming assistants running around. Once the source of the burn damage is removed, treat with burn medication (e.g. silver sulfadiazine, burn patches) or cryo.

Brute

Brute damage is probably the most common form you will see. It comes in many forms:

• Bruises from physical combat, melee weapons, etc.
• Being struck by a thrown object.
• Being shot by a revolver or other kinetic weapons.
• Explosions.
• Certain viruses and chemicals, for instance itching powder.
• Slipping on space lube.
• Taking a trip through a waste disposal chute.

Brute damage can be treated with styptic powder, synthflesh, healing patches or cryo. If the patient has been shot, they will continue to bleed until the bullet is removed. This requires surgery. If you cannot get the bullet out immediately, administer a pill of salicylic acid, which will boost their movement speed to normal, and send them to medbay for further treatment.

Brain

Brain damage is typically caused when other types of damage force a person into critical condition. Other possible factors include:

• Severe head injuries.
• Certain viruses.
• Exposure to a number of chemicals, such as neurotoxin, haloperidol, saxitoxin or mercury.

People with the Frail Constitution trait take twice as much brain damage, making them especially vulnerable.

If you Examine a person with lethal brain damage (100-119 BRAIN), the game will say have a "blank expression" on their face. However, this is not always a reliable indicator of brain damage, because people under the effects of expresso also have a "blank expression" in their Examine message. Heavy brain damage causes the patient to gibber everything they say and involuntarily scream over the radio in all caps. It also makes it difficult for them to do certain tasks, such as using computers and operating doors. Extreme brain damage will make it difficult to even breathe. Too much brain damage (120 BRAIN) will outright kill them.

Diagnosing Brain Damage

If you lay a patient on an operating table that has an operating computer next to it, the operating computer can tell you how much brain damage they have, albeit indirectly. The machine indicates a patient's "Neuron Cohesion", and it's calculated as (120 - brain damage)/120 %. That means the lower the percentage, the more brain damage the patient has. If you're good with doing numbers on the fly, you can reverse the machine's calculation, but it might be better to remember certain milestones, like 50% Neuron Cohesion = 60 brain damage or 91.66% Cohesion = 10 brain damage.

Health analyzers can detect brain damage as well, and scanning someone with it is much faster than finding an operating table with an operating computer and shoving them onto the table. However, instead of a number, it gives you relative descriptions, with different lines for different ranges of brain damage. If somebody has suffered brain damage, the readout will indicate the fact:

Message	Brain Damage Range
"Synapse function may be disrupted."	1-19
"Minor brain damage detected."	20-39
"Moderate brain damage detected. Subject unable to function well."	40-59
"Major brain damage detected. Impaired functioning present."	60-79
"Severe brain damage detected. Subject unable to function."	80-99
"Subject is braindead."	100+

You can also detect brain damage by shining a penlight over the patient's eyes. It doesn't give exact numbers either, instead giving certain messages for specific ranges of brain damage, which are wider than the health analyzer's. Look for messages about how the pupils follow the light and how dilated they are. A "slightly dilated" right pupil indicates 10-34 BRAIN. A right pupil that is just "dilated" and "doesn't follow the light well" means 35-59 BRAIN. One that is "very dilated" and "doesn't react to the light at all" means 60-99 BRAIN. If both eyes do this, that means they have more than 100 BRAIN.

Treating Brain Damage

Mannitol is your best bet for healing minor to major levels of brain damage (1 to 79 BRAIN). Cryoxadone can also help. It doesn't heal as much brain damage as mannitol, but it's good at stabilizing people in critical condition, a common source of brain damage. However, both chems struggle with higher amounts of brain damage. Past the 80 BRAIN threshold, mannitol is much less effective, and cryoxadone is completely unable to heal brain damage. In contrast, omnizine heals brain damage at a slower rate than cryoxadone or mannitol, but that amount is the same regardless of the level of brain damage.

In order to deal with severe and lethal levels of brain damage (80+ BRAIN), you'll need to administer synaptizine and/or atropine. Both these chems excel at curing severe and lethal brain damage and are crucial for rescuing patients on the brink of total brain death. They become much less effective once a patient crosses major brain damage threshold, so they can't totally reverse severe or lethal brain damage, but that's when you can break out the mannitol. If you need extra help keeping patients from entering brain death, don't forget that omnizine can still heal this level of brain damage.

In addition, there are a couple of unconventional methods for fixing brain damage. Holy water is also excellent at healing brain damage, across all levels, though only if topically (e.g. dropper, patch, beaker splash) applied. Patients with Aquatic Genetics can heal minor amounts of brain damage by eating brain burgers and certain types of brains, though obtaining said brains presents some logistical and Rules-related hurdles.

Other medical emergencies take priority. If the patient is in critical condition, stabilize them with epinephrine or other means first, preventing further accumulation of brain damage. To deal with any poisons, follow the standard detox procedures and then follow up with a pill of mannitol.

Bleeding

The cardiovascular system of a human or monkey contains 500 units of blood. Any attack with a sharp object (e.g. broken bottle, scalpel, or kinetic firearms) is likely to open a wound, and the rate of the blood loss depends on the severity of the injury. Vampires are another major threat, as they tend to drain their victims dry when given the opportunity. While minor cases can be fairly harmless, blood pouring out at an alarming rate will have a life-threatening impact in a matter of minutes. If the blood level is lower than...

• 415: Small (5%) chance to go into shock. Patient's maximum stamina is decreased by 5 and their stamina regeneration by 1. The patient also has a 20% chance to start shivering, slowing their movement speed. They also have a 15% chance to become drowsy for 6 seconds, which also slows them down and may cause them to pass out.
• 300: Medium (25%) chance for shock. Maximum stamina is decreased by 10 and stamina regeneration by 2. 5 to 10 seconds of Drowsy. 25% chance of 6 seconds of Shivering. The patient will also steadily rack up 0.8 OXY and 0.8 BRAIN damage every few seconds, which will cause them to enter critical condition and pass away in short order if left untreated. In addition, the patient will experience random stuns, with 14% chance of getting Knocked-down for 3 seconds.
• 0: Patient immediately enters shock, 1 OXY and 2 BRAIN. Maximum stamina is decreased by 15 and stamina regeneration by 3. 15 to 20 seconds of Drowsy, 30% chance for 6 seconds of Shivering, 18% chance for 4 seconds of Knocked-down.

You can assess the patient's condition with a health analyzer or by examining them. Somebody with a low blood level will appear "pale", for instance. More accurate readings can be obtained by upgrading the analyzer, which will tell you the exact amount of blood and blood loss per life cycle.

Stopping the Bleeding

When dealing with a bleeding patient, the priority should be to mend the wound, as they'll just bleed out any medicine you put in their bloodstream. Topical drugs (such as styptic powder) can still be somewhat effective, though. You have a number of options:

• Wait it out. The body can occasionally heal 1 BLEEDING over time, so minor wounds can be ignored under certain circumstances. Proconvertin makes this happen more often; heparin does the opposite. Don't count on this to save someone's life.
• Using the Help intent on somebody may slow the rate of bleeding, but it's not very reliable. Both parties have to stand still.
• Cauterize the wound with a welding tool, zippo lighter, igniter or lit cigarette. Beware, this will burn the patient as well.
• Medical patches can reduce bleeding, but only to a certain point. It can't help in severe cases.
• Administer, in order of most to least effective, synthflesh, proconvertin, styptic powder, or omnizine. Synthflesh and styptic powder require topical treatment methods, e.g. patches, auto-menders.
• Bandages and sutures work reliably and don't have negative side-effects.

Note: Only sutures are capable of mending surgical incisions. Every other option can slow the rate of blood loss, but won't close the wound entirely no matter how hard you try. If examining the patient reveals one or multiple "open incision[s] on their [body parts]", target the correct one and use a suture as many times as necessary to mend all incisions.

Also of note: bullet and shrapnel wounds can be bandaged, but surgery is still necessary to get rid of the random stuns and accumulating brute damage.

Restoring Blood

All patched up? Great, but your job isn't done yet. While the patient's body will replenish blood at a slow-but-steady rate if they have a healthy spleen, you'll need more drastic measures if they've lost a considerable volume of blood or if their spleen is severely-damaged/absent, which prevents the body's natural blood regeneration.

• Perform a blood transfusion by hooking them up to a blood bag. Patients absorb blood from blood bags (and IV drips in general) at three times that rate of other methods for delivering blood, e.g. pills containing lots of blood, etc.
• Administer filgrastim, a chemical that helps the body create new blood cells. Omnizine, saline-glucose solution, fish oil, and iron can also replenish blood, but these are either slower or not as reliable.
• Give them blood reagent directly, e.g. via hypospray. On its own, this is generally the least efficient method, but you can make it go by much faster by hooking them up to a dialysis machine. Patients undergoing dialysis absorb blood reagent three times faster than normal, equivalent to IV drips.

Please note that, unlike real life, blood type does not matter. While a framework work for types exists, they currently do not come into play during blood transfusions. People with AB blood, for example, can donate to people with O blood, and vice versa. Besides, even if it did, the blood bags in Medbay's blood supply fridge and Blood Bank crates have synthetic blood that's coded to be accepted by all blood types (again, not that it means much).

Vampires can bleed as well, but only if they've already built up a reserve of blood. They bleed on a per-attack basis only (as opposed to a certain amount per tick), and are completely unaffected by the debilitating side-effects detailed in the paragraph above.

Eye

Patient's retinas are damaged, typically as a result of exposure to bright lights. One of the least common damage types, though probably one of the most annoying. Potential sources include:

• Welding without protection.
• Improper use of flash powder.
• Flashbangs.
• Getting capsaicin on the skin/face.
• Exposure to flashes and other bright lights while wearing optical thermal scanners.
• Blinding spells.
• Exposure to mimicotoxin, which is also associated with contact with mimics.

Eye damage worsens the effects of sources of eye damage. If eye damage is allowed to accumulate, later eye injuries can result in blurriness, temporary short-sightedness, and eventually permanent blindness.

Health analyzers do not detect eye damage. Instead, you must ask the patient if their sight is good. If not, administer oculine in any form, e.g. drops, patch, pill.

Welding helmets and most varieties of space helmets outright block most sources of eye damage. Sunglasses, SecHUDs, and polarized eyes offer similar protection, though they only reduce damage from welding. Meanwhile, optical thermal scanners and NVG goggles intensify eye damage, often significantly.

Blindness can be alleviated by wearing VISOR goggles. Alternatively, you can remove and then replace their eyes entirely to restore the patient's sight. Oculine does not work; the eyes are too heavily damaged and more or less dead. It is not a mutation, so you cannot remove it via mutadone either. (Pro-tip: if you yourself become blind, simply click a pill/patch/auto-injector while it's in your hand to use it on yourself.)

Ear

The patient's eardrums are damaged, and they are having trouble hearing, often experiencing temporary deafness and tinnitus, "ringing" in the ears. Probably the rarest damage type, though easily the least lethal and debilitating. Potential sources include:

• Improper use of sonic powder/hootingium.
• Flashbangs and sonic grenades.
• Vuvuzelas, amplified and unamplified.
• Unholy screeches and screams.

Oculine quickly repairs ear damage, though ears heal naturally if the patient is not deaf. Heavy ear damage can result in permanent deafness, which can cured with mutadone and alleviated by wearing an Auditory Headset. Wearing earmuffs and being deaf in the first place prevents most ear damage entirely.

Organ Damage & Ailments

Humans, Monkeys, Vampires, Changelings, and most other humanoid mobs with organs can also suffer damage to specific organs, separate but still connected to the other damage types. People with the Frail Constitution trait are especially vulnerable to organ damage. To analyze organ damage, you need a health analyzer equipped with an organ scan upgrade, which will assess damage in these relative terms:

• 1-9: "Minor"
• 10-29: "Moderate"
• 30-64: "Significant"
• 65-99: "Critical"
• 100 and above: "Dead"

Usually, "Significant" and "Critical" are the most important ratings, for some organs cause extra problems upon reaching the "Critical" damage threshold. If left untreated, these problems can cause the organ to completely fail and die, resulting in same effects as lacking one. Dead organs cannot be healed back to full health and thus require transplants. Changelings are immune to effects of missing organs.

Different chest organs can be damaged by different things, but all chest organs can be damaged in combat. Any ranged or melee attacks that inflict brute damage specifically to the chest have a chance to also damage two random organs listed in this section. The attack has to cause more than 5 damage, and higher damage means more damage to the organs, though only 5-10% of it becomes organ damage. This is low enough that anything that causes significant damage to organs is usually enough to easily put the victim into critical condition, often a greater issue. The spleen and lungs are more resilient to attacks than the other organs in the chest.

Besides nasty fights, all organs are also vulnerable to grave fever. This supernatural disease can, among many other things, attack random chest organs, and the amount of damage increases with each stage. (This is also one of the few sources of heart damage.) If an organ is a synth organ (that is, made out of plants), it is vulnerable to atrazine (aka weedkiller).

If an organ hasn't died, then you can treat its particular ailments and damage by administering certain chems, depending on the type of organ damage. When in doubt, try omnizine and cryoxadone, which heal all organs. All organ-related issues, including organ death, can also be treated simply by replacing the organ. Regardless of if an organ is a human, cybernetic, or synthetic organ, they can all be healed by the same chemicals.

Lung Damage

Each lung takes damage separately, independently of each other, though some sources damage both. In addition to certain melee and ranged attacks to the chest and other damage sources that can target all torso organs, a patient can also receive lung damage by:

• Breathing in searing hot air. Higher temperatures cause more damage.
• Smoking cigarettes and similar tobacco products. Nicotine content does not matter, only length of smoking sessions.
• Being exposed to coniine, a rare poison targets the lungs when inside the patient's body (which is what "Per life cycle" effects sometimes represent).
• Getting infected with lungrot. This disease sometimes causes lung damage, which gets worse and worse with each stage.

If a single lung reaches "Critical" damage levels, that lung will eventually cause respiratory failure. If one lung goes missing or dies (i.e. has 100 damage or more), the patient will sometimes suffocate, and their max stamina is decreased by 75 and stamina regeneration by 3. If both lungs are gone or dead, the patient will rapidly accumulate OXY damage and LOSEBREATH with every second, with max stamina plummeting by 150 and stamina regen by 6.

Appropriately enough, salbutamol and perfluorodecalin, both medications designed to treat OXY damage, will also heal lung damage. Omnizine and cryoxadone are both effective at treating lung damage. In terms of relative effectiveness/lung damage healed, cryoxadone and perfluorodecalin are the best (both heal equal amounts of lung damage), followed by omnizine and salbutamol (again, both heal equal amounts.)

Respiratory Failure

Should a lung accumulate too much damage, it will start to fail. Symptoms include gasping, twitching, pains in the ribs, sensations of trouble breathing, and, most importantly, occasional LOSEBREATH. In last stage of failure, the patient suffers frequent OXY damage and LOSEBREATH, and the lung starts actively deteriorating. If left unchecked, the lung will eventually die, causing the same effects as not having the lung at all.

Salbutamol and perfluorodecalin can both cure respiratory failure and reverse the lung damage. Omnizine and cryoxadone exclusively do the latter. Getting a new lung solves respiratory failure entirely, naturally. Very rarely, respiratory failure may miraculously clear up on its own in the initial stage.

Liver Damage

Whenever the patient takes TOX damage, there's a 30% chance their liver may take damage too, though only about 1/12 of the amount of TOX damage becomes liver damage. The patient also suffers liver damage whenever they drink ethanol. In addition, amanitin can also cause massive spikes of liver damage, which come suddenly and without warning. If liver damage reaches 65, the "Critical" damage level, the body has a chance to develop liver failure, and is all but guaranteed to if it reaches 100. Speaking of which, if the liver is missing or dies, all chems deplete twice as slowly in the patient, and they suffer fairly quick, continuous TOX damage.

Pentetic acid is the most effective medicine for healing liver damage, followed by cryoxadone. Potassium iodide can sometimes heal liver damage, and omnizine always does, but they don't heal as much as the two aforementioned chems. Still, if your patient's liver is on the verge of shutting down, you'll need all the help you can get. Charcoal cannot heal liver damage, but it can still be useful if said liver damage was caused by drinking too much alcohol, because the charcoal can mix with the ethanol in the patient's blood to make antihol, which rapidly flushes out ethanol. If the patient's liver is augmented, they can heal liver damage just by ingesting a lot of ethanol--alcohol really is a solution sometimes!

Liver Failure

The patient's liver is failing, signified by pains in the upper chest/abdomen. In later stages, the patient may start fainting, collapsing, and/or experiencing TOX damage, and the liver starts to deteriorate and will eventually die, resulting in TOX damage over time and halved chem depletion.

Pentetic acid, cryoxadone, omnizine, and potassium iodide can slow down liver failure by reversing the organ damage. While charcoal can't treat the organ damage, it can still help deal with the TOX damage. Charcoal and pentetic acid also have the added bonus of being able to cure the disease. Getting a new liver also cures the disease. If you're having trouble treating all the associated TOX, hook the patient up to a dialysis machine. This will cut the amount of TOX they suffer by a third. Finally, liver failure may very rarely magically clear up in the early stages.

Kidney Damage

Similar to the liver, whenever the patient takes TOX damage, there's a 30% chance, separate for each one, for a kidney to also receive 20% of the damage. In addition, there is an unusual mycotoxin called amanitin that can cause huge amounts of kidney damage (as well as TOX and liver damage) without warning. While kidneys in real life help the body filter out toxins, kidneys in Goonstation do not reduce TOX damage. In fact, they do very little until they become too deteriorated.

Speaking of which, the patient will be fine if just one of their kidneys is missing or is dead due to excessive damage, but if both of them are, all chems deplete twice as slowly, and they take TOX damage every second. While it's not much, it adds up over time. Moreover, once a kidney reaches the "Critical" damage threshold, kidney failure occurs.

You can fix kidney damage by, fittingly, administering pentetic acid and potassium iodide (but not charcoal). Drinking water also has a small chance to fix a little kidney damage. As usual, omnizine and cryoxadone do a fair job of healing the kidneys. In terms of relative effectiveness, from most to least effective, the order goes pentetic acid, cryoxadone, omnizine, potassium iodide, and water.

Kidney Failure

Kidney failure occurs when a patient's kidney passes 65 kidney damage, the "Critical" organ damage threshold. In the first two stages of failure, the afflicted feels pains and aches in the upper-right abdomen. Once the ailment reaches its final stage, the patient starts suffering TOX and kidney damage, eventually rendering the organ nonfunctional. While a patient could theoretically survive one kidney completely failing if continually given enough medicine, if both kidneys are put out of commission by kidney failure, they will suffer the same effects as missing both kidneys, as described above.

Your best bet for treating kidney failure is usually pentetic acid, since it can reverse the kidney damage and may cure it altogether. While potassium iodide, water, omnizine, and cryoxadone can't cure the disease, they can still fix the kidney damage and thus slow down its effects. You can prevent the TOX entirely by hooking them up to a dialysis machine. Dialysis completely stops the TOX associated with kidney failure, giving you ample time to get a replacement. Kidney failure may also, very rarely, magically disappear in the first two stages.

Pancreas Damage

When the amount of sugar in the blood exceeds 80 units, there is a chance for the pancreas to secrete insulin to deplete it. However, there is also a separate chance for the sugar to damage the pancreas. Besides sugar, atrazine (aka weedkiller) can also cause pancreas damage, an oblique, somewhat roundabout reference to how atrazine in real life interferes with the endocrine system.

While a patient can survive without a pancreas or one that is dead, they will be unable to secrete insulin in the meantime. Furthermore, if the pancreas incurs 65 or more damage, the patient may contract pancreatitis.

There are no medications that specifically treat damage to the pancreas, though omnizine and cryoxadone can still heal it.

Pancreatitis

The patient's pancreas is inflamed due to excessive damage, characterized by fainting, groaning, and aches and pains in the upper right abdomen and back in the early stages. In last stage of pancreatitis, the patient sometimes suffers TOX damage, and the pancreas may sometimes lose health, eventually causing the same effects as not having a pancreas at all.

There is no cure for pancreatitis, barring a pancreas transplant, but omnizine and cryoxadone can and potentially prevent the pancreas from totally failing. Very rarely, pancreatitis may clear up on its own its the first stage.

Appendix Damage

Currently, the only source of appendix damage is from attacks to the chest, detailed above in the introduction of this section. Spacepeople can live without an appendix, and it's probably for the better, because once it reaches the "Critical" level (i.e. 65 organ damage and above, as previously stated), there's a risk of contracting appendicitis. Fortunately, omnizine and cryoxadone counteract appendix damage, the former better than the latter.

Appendicitis

Because of excessive damage or random chance, the patient's appendix is dangerously enlarged, causing abdominal pains and shudders that progressively worsen. In the last stages, the appendix may become so inflamed that it begins to tear apart and damage itself. If left unchecked, the appendix will eventually burst, dealing a fair chunk of TOX damage and sometimes dumping lots of toxin into the afflicted.

While there is no specific medicine for the disease, omnizine and cryoxadone can slow the disease down, as the appendix does not have chance to explode until it's reached 90 damage, well beyond the "Critical" organ damage level. Removing or replacing the appendix will cure the disease. Very rarely, the disease may go away on its own. Having a cyberappendix or no appendix at all will prevent appendicitis entirely.

Spleen Damage

Just like in the movies, kinetic bullets and melee attacks to the chest have a chance to damage the spleen, so when patients scream about their spleen hurting after getting shot, sometimes it really is hurt. On a more serious note, cholesterol can also cause sometimes cause spleen damage, with the amount and frequency scaling with volume. It's just one reason to watch what you eat.

Less comedically, if the spleen dies (i.e. more than 100 damage), the body can't regenerate blood naturally.

Fortunately, cryoxadone and, to a lesser extent, omnizine, can heal this butt monkey of an organ. Perfluorodecalin and salbutamol, two chems normally used for healing lung damage, also heal spleen damage, because that's just how spacepeople work. Cryoxadone and perfluorodecalin are the most effective at healing spleen damage (with both healing equal amounts), followed by omnizine and salbutamol (with, again, both healing equal amounts).

Stomach Damage

If your patient has stomach damage, that might be a sign they recently got into a nasty fight. Blows to the chest can sometimes translate into blows to the stomach, as described above. You might also want scan them with a health analyzer with a chemical scanner upgrade (or scan them with a reagent scanner) look for lipolicide, martian flesh, and/or viscerite viscera. Those three chemicals can also cause stomach damage. Patients afflicted with grave fever also sometimes experience stomach damage. If the patient has no stomach or one that's too damaged, they can't eat food, though they can still swallow pills, sip drinks, things like that.

To reverse stomach damage, administer pentetic acid, cryoxadone, and/or omnizine, in order of most to least stomach damage healed. Charcoal and potassium iodide can't help you here.

Intestines Damage

There are two chemicals that can damage the intestines, martian flesh and viscerite viscera. In addition, certain melee or ranged attacks to the chest can cause intestines damage, as stated above. Grave fever can also harm the intestines, among many other organs. While Trent's Anatomy/Surgical Textbook might imply the intestines allow people to absorb reagents and gain buffs from food, they can do both without intestines, with no ill effect.

Pentetic acid, cryoxadone, and omnizine, all heal the intestines, in order of most to least damage healed. (Charcoal and potassium iodide cannot fix intestines damage.) More uniquely, yoghurt can also fix intestines damage.

Tail Damage

If someone happens to be a humanoid creature that normally comes equipped with some kind of tail, they will be thrown off balance and become very clumsy if their tail gets mangled or goes missing.

This clumsiness does not take effect if the tail damage victim has a lot of ethanol in their system. Drink up!

Lizards specifically can regrow their tail via the aptly name Regrow Tail ability, if they have the sufficient points for it and it isn't cooldown. For other tail-bearing species however, the only way to truly remedy a damaged or lost tail is with a replacement. However, any form of tail will work just fine, even if you're attaching a skeleton's tailbone to a monkey.

Heart Damage

This page is incomplete. The following section is unfinished. You can help by contributing to the page and adding missing information.

Unlike other organs, the heart cannot be damaged by melee or ranged attacks to the chest. In addition to grave fever, the heart can be damaged by the following:

• Initropidril. This rare but infamous poison has a high chance of heart damage when it's inside the patient's bloodstream.
• Excess cholesterol. Patients with more than 25 units of cholesterol in their body roll a chance to receive heart damage, and the more cholesterol there is, the more often it happens and the worse the damage received.
• Cardiac arrest. If the patient's heart has stopped beating, it's obviously bad for the heart.

There are two drugs that fix heart damage: cryoxadone and omnizine. The former heals more heart damage than the latter.

Surgery

Several problems require immediate surgery to save the patient, some of which concern their extremities or internal organs. People coming into medbay will expect you to be able to help, so you should familiarize yourself with this guide.

Basics & Controls

Surgery starts by placing someone on an operating table , found in the Operating Theatre in Medbay and sometimes other places. To do this, stand near the table your patient and drag & drop them onto the table. Putting people on an operating table has a small delay that's interrupted if either of you move; putting yourself on the table, again through drag & drop, has no such delay.

Once the patient is on the table, you need to use certain tools and objects on them in a specific order, particular to each procedure; often different things also happen depending on what body part you're aiming for and what intent you're on. To use a tool on someone as a human, you simply need to click on the person with the required tool in your active hand. As a medical cyborgs, you need to have the necessary tool in your active slot. Human and robotic surgeons can drag & drop organs onto someone to try to attach them to/insert them into the patient. It's very handy for the latter, since robots don't actually have hands, though they are restricted to organs.

Surgical tools are often found near the operating tables, often on surgical trays. Scalpels and saws see a lot of use; scissors and staple guns also see a fair bit of use. More of these can be printed at a medical fabricator.

Once the procedure is done, remember to heal them up. Surgery often causes BRUTE, which you can treat by adminstering styptic powder or similar, and bleeding, which you can alleviate by clicking on them with a suture .

At no point does the patient need to be under anesthetic, though it does help. Surgeries can also be done on the dead. Just as in real life, working on cadavers can be great for learning surgery and anatomy!

Success & Safety

During each step of every surgery, there is a chance that you make a mistake and cause damage instead of progressing. Several factors influence the probability of complications. Injecting the patient with sedatives (morphine, haloperidol) or painkillers (salicylic acid, alcohol) has a positive effect, as does using N2O (anesthetic) tank. Jitteriness should be addressed beforehand. Clumsy people have no place in the operating room and surgeons may also wish to avoid excessive consumption of alcohol. Last but not least, trained professionals (the medical staff) are less likely to screw up in general. When performing chest surgery, remember to stay on Help intent, as operating on Disarm will cause you to always slip up, and operating on Harm will make you attack the patient instead!

Since surgery can be a very bloody affair, you may want to make use of a hemostat where available to reduce the amount of bleeding damage taken. Having one in your off-hand while performing a successful step in surgery will automatically cure the current bleeding, and clicking on a patient with the hemostat during surgery will stop spontaneous bleeding. Either way, it is never a bad idea to have sutures (see the previous section on "Bleeding") on hand for dressing the patient's wounds immediately. A full blood bag can also be required for complicated and lengthy surgery (such as heart replacement).

Improvised Surgery

Should proper tools be unavailable and/or a trip to the Operating Theater undesirable/inconvenient, you may need to perform some procedures with nonstandard tools. Certain surgical tools can by substituted by the following items:

• Scalpels: Glass shards (material type doesn't matter), knives, plastic knives, bread knives, meatcleavers, razor blades, butcher's knives.
• Circular saws: chainsaws, pizza cutters, deconstruction devices (particularly dangerous, see below), forks, plastic forks.
• Enucleation spoons: spoons, plastic spoons.
• Surgical scissors: wirecutters, scissors.
• Staple guns: staplers.

Surgeries with deconstruction devices pose an extra risk: every time you attempt to use it for a surgery, whether on yourself or on someone else, there is a 20% chance you'll injure yourself with the saw, causing 7 BRUTE and some bleeding. If you have the dyspraxia (AKA "clumsiness") mutation (e.g. you're a Clown), you instead have a 40% chance and receive 15 BRUTE and a lot more bleeding.

Sutures have no real analogue, but there are some partial substitutes. If you are using it to "reset" an attempt to extract certain organs in the chest, you are unfortunately out of luck, but if you are using it to fix bleeding wounds, you can use some sort of portable heat source, such as a welder or lighter to cauterize the wound, sealing it at the cost of BURN. In addition, for limb reattachment, office staplers work just as well for securing the limb.

Similarly, you may, for whatever reason, find yourself without an operating table. You can operate on certain surfaces in place of one, but there are some special considerations for each:

• Beds: The patient must be buckled to the bed (procedure is same as buckling to chairs) and unconscious (see below).
• Tables: The patient must be unconscious; simply lying prone on the table isn't enough. For willing patients, it is common practice for the one going under the knife to repeatedly *faint (entered like any other emote). For unwilling patients...some sort of stun weapon is necessary.

Self-Surgery

For whatever reason, in some situations, the one going under the knife is the also the one holding it. That is, you may sometimes have to conduct surgery on yourself. There are a few techniques for performing self-surgery, with varying levels of legitimacy.

The usual way of performing surgery on yourself is to lie down on the operating table, stand up, and have at it as if you were lying down.

There's one technique that doesn't require an operating table, or really any table at all. Instead, it simply involves the Captain's favorite past-time: drinking lots of booze. If you ingest enough ethanol, you can actually conduct surgery on yourself while standing up, but you need a fair bit of it in your system: about 45 units or more. Generally, if you're so drunk that your vision's blurry and you can just barely make out your surgery tools, self-surgery is possible.

Finally, you can do a similar thing with morphine, and it works quite well. Unlike ethanol, you only need at least 5 units in you to operate on yourself, which is low enough that you don't have to worry about accidentally knocking yourself out or blurring your vision. Not to mention, as previously discussed, having morphine in the patient (in this case, you) reduces the chance of the surgery going awry, and unlike alcohol, it doesn't inherently inhibit the surgeon. It's not as abundant as ethanol, but it's not exactly scarce either. Overall, it's a viable alternative to ethanol.

Torso Organ Surgery

Most of your victim's patient's organs are located in their torso, so you'll want to know how to perform surgery on it if you want to be a decent surgeon. Fortunately, you don't have to memorize as much as you used to! To open the patient's torso up, target the torso with Help intent. Use the scalpel, then the scissors to cut them open. Once your patient has an open torso cavity, use the scalpel, scissors, circular saw, or just your empty hand to bring up an interaction wheel with different regions of their torso.

Before you can handle an organ directly, you'll need to cut open the region that contains the organ you're trying to get to. To open up a region, click on its icon in the interaction wheel, which should re-open the wheel, but with tool icons instead. While on Help intent and holding one of the tools shown on the icons, click on the tool's corresponding icon. The icon should disappear from the interaction wheel on a success. Do this for each of the tool icons, and once they're done, the region should be opened up. The interaction wheel will then go back to displaying all the regions, except the background of the region icon that you opened up will be green. Simply click on its icon, and you'll see one more set of icons for all the organs in that region! If you had to stop mid-surgery and only used some of the tools required for the region, don't worry: You can just navigate to that region in the interaction menu again and pick up from where you left off. Partially-completed regions have a yellow background in the interaction wheel.

To begin removing a torso organ, you just have to do the same thing you did to open up the region it was in: Click its icon in the interaction wheel, then use each of the required tools on its corresponding icon while on Help intent. After you've done that successfully, you can remove an organ by clicking on its icon while on Help intent and having a tool in-hand. You can also rip out the organ with your bare hands, but this isn't recommended (unless you got your medical license from Syndicate University), as it takes time (about 10 seconds), continuously deals damage to the patient and the organ while it's being ripped out, and does a chunk of additional damage once the organ is actually removed.

In addition, it would be in your patient's best interests to keep a hemostat in your off hand as you're doing all this. When you operate on the patient, there is a chance they will start to bleed. Holding the hemostat makes you automatically clamp the bleeders, and you can also clamp them manually by directly clicking on the patient with the tool. If you don't use one, the bleeding will continue even if you close the person's torso, causing them to bleed internally until the wound either closes itself naturally or they die of blood loss, whichever comes first.

Region	Organs	Tools
Ribs	Heart, Lungs
Flanks	Kidneys
Subcostal	Liver, Spleen, Pancreas
Abdomen	Stomach, Intestines, Appendix

You may also see icons for 'implant', 'parasite', or 'implant item'. Clicking on one of these icons with a tool in hand will remove them from the patient.

If you instead are trying to insert an organ, you just have to click on your patient with the organ you want to insert in your active hand while their torso is cut open.

Once you're done removing things and replacing organs in your patient, remember to suture your patient back up afterwards!

Surgical removal

-ectomy	Scenario	Tools	Procedure	Considerations
Headspider	The patient fought a changeling and ended up being infected by its headspider.		Target the chest with Help intent. Use the scalpel.	Time is of the essence! This should cut a "strange tumor" out – if it doesn't after repeated attempts, the transformation has already been completed.
Bullets, shrapnel	The patient has bullets and/or shrapnel in their chest and cannot bear the random stuns and brute damage. Scan them with a health analyzer ("Foreign objects detected") to confirm your suspicion.		Target the chest with Help intent. Use the scalpel.	One foreign object is removed at a time, so you may need to repeat.
Limb	The patient is a healthy human with four limbs. For augmentation or other reasons, some of the limbs have to go.		Target the limb in question. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel.	Even if you neglect to do the final step, the half-cut limb will still fall off after some time. This procedure will inflict a lot of tissue damage and will put the patient in critical condition very quickly, so you need to have bandages and medical drugs at the ready (skeletal limbs can easily be detached by wrenching, crowbarring, then wrenching again).
Butt	The patient is alive or dead, and you need their behind for a buttbot, a farty chair or the kitchen.		Target the chest with Grab intent. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel, then saw. Choose to remove the butt when given the option to remove either the tail or the butt.
Eyeball	You need to remove somebody's eyes, possibly for augmentation, possibly to replace eyes too damaged to function properly.		Target the head. Use the spoon, then scalpel, then spoon using the hand of the side in question.	Hold the surgery tools in your left hand to target the left eye, and vice versa.
Brain (Humanoid Corpse)	Your patient is quite dead, or wishes to be a cyborg, and you need their brain.		Remove the patient's headgear (hat, mask). Target the head with Help intent. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel, then saw.	You can use the same procedure (headgear removal not necessary) on severed heads.
Brain (Critter Corpse)	Your patient has, through special wizardry, been turned into an animal, and now is quite dead, or wishes to be a cyborg, and you need their brain.		Use the scalpel twice.	No operating table necessary.
Head	Your wish to sever your patient's head for...science?		Remove the patient's headgear (hat, mask). Target the head with Harm intent. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel, then saw.
Skull	The patient is dead and you for some reason require their skull.		After removing their brain (see above), target the head. Use the scalpel, then saw.	You can use the same procedure on severed heads.
Tail	Your patient has some form of tail and needs it removed or replaced.		Target the chest with Grab intent. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel, then saw. Choose to remove the tail when given the option to remove either the tail or the butt.	If your patient happens to be a Skeleton, you can use a crowbar to remove their tail instead.

Other surgery

Surgery	Scenario	Tools	Procedure	Considerations
Limb replacement	The patient is either an amputee or already underwent limb removal, and wishes to have all of them restored.	OR	Target the missing limb. Attach the corresponding limb and swiftly secure it with either a medical stapler or suture.	There are several options for replacement limbs, but the surgery is the same.
Butt replacement	The patient has no bum and requests a new pair of buttocks.	None	Target the chest. Attach a spare butt (any type).
Tail attachment	The patient is missing a tail and wishes to have one attached.		Target the chest with Grab intent. Use the scalpel, then saw, then scalpel then attach the tail and secure it with a suture. Staple guns do not work.	Any tail can be attached to a patient; if your patient is, for example, a lizardperson, they do not necessarily need a tail from a lizardperson.
Butt attachment	The patient wishes to wear somebody's butt as a hat, permanently.		Target the head with Help intent. Ask the patient to put the butt on their head, then use the staple gun.	Once affixed, the butt cannot be removed by the wearer, but it may still be ripped off by external forces.
Mask attachment	The patient wishes to wear a mask on their face, permanently.		Target the head with Help intent. Ask the patient to put the mask on, then use the staple gun.	Once affixed, the mask cannot be removed by the wearer.
Eye replacement	The patient is missing at least one eyeball and wishes to have all of them restored.	None	Target the head. Insert the spare eye (any type).	You have to hold the replacement organ in your left hand to target the left eye socket and vice versa.
Head reattachment	You are in possession of a detached head in need of a new body.		Prepare a suitable body (human or monkey, not rotten or a husk) on the operating table and behead it. Target the head with Help intent. Attach the severed head, then sew it on with the suture.	The new host can now be cloned.
Skull reattachment	Your patient is missing a skull and likely needs it to get their brain back.	None	Target the head. Attach the skull.
Brain reinsertion	You are in possession of a detached brain and have the body it was removed from.	None	Target the head. Insert the brain.	Requires the body to still have a skull. Requires the body's head to still be cut open. Cut it open if not.
Brain transplant	You are in possession of a detached brain (e.g. from a husk) and want to clone it into a new body.		Prepare a suitable body (human or monkey, not rotten or a husk) on the operating table and de-brain it. After you've done that, insert the new one and clone the whole abomination.
Chest Item Implant	The patient wishes to become a living [noun].		'Open up the patient's chest' (Target the chest with Help intent, use the scalpel, then the scissors). Click-drag an item to the patient. Sew the chest area back together with the suture.	Optionally, you can secure the item before sewing the patient back up by holding a suture in your hand while you click-drag the item into the patient. You can also secure it afterwards by switching to Grab intent and using sutures on the patient. Remember to switch back to Help intent to sew back up. Note that some items cannot be placed inside one's chest. Some items like bike horns and flashlights can be activated by farting.
Item Arm	The patient has an item, wants to replace a hand with it, and is willing to accept the loss of an hand.		Remove the arm in question. Target the limb with Help intent. Attach the item and swiftly secure it with the medical stapler.	Most items can be made into item arms, save a few such as wizard staves, body bags, all two-handed weapons (e.g. the Antares LMG, and weapons with two-handed modes (e.g. fibre wire). Experiment! The patient can click on the hand slot the item's replacing to do whatever the item does when clicked in-hand (e.g. changing a setting, turning something on/off). Disarming the item arm owner, including shoving them to the floor and shoving them while they're on the ground, may cause said arm to hit the owner, causing whatever effect they usually do on someone.

Other Ailments

As an MD, you will likely encounter a wide variety of oddities which require special attention. Don't make the mistake of viewing them as an isolated condition. The treatment should always be flexible enough to handle any ailments and other underlying conditions at the same time. If these go unchecked, chances are the patient will simply relapse.

Conditions you may come across:

Condition	Common causes	Notes	Treatment
Shock	Critical health, severe blood loss.	If not addressed promptly, the patient's condition can continue to deteriorate with an increasing chance of developing cardiac failure.	Inject saline either manually or with the sleeper control panel. Medibots may also be of help. Stabilize the patient with CPR or epinephrine if required.
Cardiac failure	Untreated shock, heart damage.	A major emergency that, if left untreated, will rapidly lead to the death of your patient by cardiac arrest. Note that shock and cardiac failure are, to a degree, independent from the patient's overall health. Even somebody with full HP will eventually suffer from cardiac arrest without epinephrine, so you can't ignore these conditions.	Epinephrine can be sufficient, provided the patient's health isn't worse than -60%. In acute cases, atropine should be administered instead.
Cardiac arrest	Untreated cardiac failure, poisons such as initropidril, defective cyberheart.	Also known as heart failure or flatline, the final stage of the struggle with death, so to speak. The patient falls fully unconscious as they suffer rapid brain damage, heart damage, and suffocation damage. If they aren't already in medbay, it is rare for patients to survive the encounter.	Restart the Heart Apply a defibrillator. It has a high probability of curing cardiac arrest, makes the patient briefly immune to entering cardiac arrest once again due to untreated damage, and makes further attempts at defibrillation more likely to successfully bring them out of arrest. If a defib is unavailable, one should find sources of harmful electric shock, such as powered wires, electrified grilles, TeslaBuddies, arcs from APCs that appear when too much power is in the grid, and shocks from doors. Stun batons can work, but not tasers. Similar to the defib, electric shocks can cure heart failure, render patient briefly unable to enter arrest again, and make further defib attempts more successful, but the success rate is usually lower. CPR (click on them with Help intent) has a rare (2%) chance to bring them out of cardiac arrest. Atropine and epinephrine both boost this chance to 5% (they do not stack.) Fix the Damage Administering atropine and epinephrine can contain the damage and very rarely cure arrest. Use salbutamol and perfluorodecalin to deal with the suffocation. Give the patient synaptizine and/or atropine to fix the extensive brain damage and prevent their brain from completely shutting down. Once the damage has subsided (health analyzer describes "minor", "moderate", or "major" damage or says synapses are "disrupted" synapses), switch to mannitol.
Cardiac abscondment	Certain poisons, heart removal.	Indicated by "Subject has no heart" on the health analyzer's readout. The patient's heart is missing, plain and simple. While you can prolong their suffering with cardiac stimulants, this can only be a temporary measure at best.	Stabilize the patient with epinephrine or atropine. Combine this with salbutamol to address the escalating suffocation damage. If the health analyzer detects "disrupted" synapses or says the patient has "minor", "moderate", or "major" brain damage, you might be able to make do with just mannitol. But if the analyzer says that the brain damage is "severe" or that the patient is "braindead", administer atropine and synaptizine immediately. Transplant a replacement heart as soon as possible.
Blood clot	Excessive amounts of proconvertin (10+ units) in the body. Ingesting styptic powder (rarely) Excessive amounts of cholesterol (25+ units) in the body. Rat plague	The effect depends on which body part the clot is in - if it affects the brain you gradually lose stamina and take brain damage; if it's in the heart you have reduced max stamina and stamina regeneration, suffer breathing problems, and may develop cardiac failure; if it's in a limb, it eventually moves to another body part.	Inject Heparin, which will increase bleeding but dislodge blood clots.
Anaphylaxis	Wasp stings, allergic reactions, poisoning.	The patient is full of histamine and rapidly accumulating brute, toxic, and suffocation damage.	Inject diphenhydramine/antihistamine. This has a high chance of blocking the histamine's effects and fairly quickly expels it out of the patient's system, which is key, in addition to reducing histamine production caused by the allergy traits. Inject epinephrine as well for severe cases. Epinephrine makes the effect of having large (40+ units) amounts of histamine less severe and slightly helps with getting rid of histamine. Purgatives such as pentetic acid and calomel can also prove useful for flushing out the histamine.
Hyperglycaemic shock	Excess sugar (around 200+ units).	A hyperglycaemic patient may fall into a diabetic coma. Scanning the patient with a standard health analyzer won't show anything, but you can deduce why they're collapsing and unconscious by using a reagent scanner.	Inject them with insulin, which will dramatically increase the depletion rate of sugar.
Radiation sickness	Exposure to radstorms, blowouts, cerenkite ore, radium, singularities, being shot by a rad-bow.	As long as the patient is irradiated, they will accumulate toxin damage every second, with more damage per second at higher doses, occasionally suffer burns, and may even randomly mutate. Radiation sickness usually isn't obvious at a glance, but a health analyzer will reveal the extent of the contamination. If they have a health implant, it will indicate to the patient whether they are irradiated and to what extent; they otherwise usually cannot tell without one.	Potassium iodide, basic anti-rad medicine. Trivial to synthesize in chemistry, should you have to. Pentetic acid is superior in every aspect, healing toxin damage too.
Neutron radiation sickness	Exposure to blue radstorms, handling koshmarite or neutronium	While the patient is irradiated, they suffer some TOX and a smaller amount of BRUTE every few seconds and may develop a random mutation; the more irradiated they are, the more damage and the greater the chance of mutating. The damage and chance of mutation is higher than the effects of standard radiation sickness. Those afflicted with neutron radiation have a blue glow, and if the patient has a health implant, the implant will indicate its presence. A health analyzer will also show the presence and severity of the radiation.	Potassium iodide directly clears away neutron radiation and heals some TOX. At low levels of radiation, it alone is sometimes sufficient enough to treat the damage. Pentetic acid cannot cure neutron radiation, but it is superb at healing TOX, albeit at the cost of causing BRUTE Styptic powder, administered topically, is the go-to medicine for fixing BRUTE Mutadone will get rid of any mutations induced by the radiation.
Harmful mutation	Exposure to large doses of radiation and/or unstable mutagen.	Tends to occur alongside radiation sickness. Specific effects can range from occasionally emitting EMPs and lower Stamina to being blind or mute. See for Genetic Mutations for details. You may want to enlist the help of a Geneticist.	Administering mutadone will gradually remove one mutation (good or bad) per life cycle. (This may also come in handy to stop a cloaked, superfarting geneticist.)
Disfigured face	Acid splashes, being husked by a Changeling, or cloning defects.	Disfigured patients can't be recognized by their face, and their name will always appear as Unknown instead of their actual name.	Synthflesh will heal disfigurement when applied topically in any quantity.
Scarred vocal chords	Ingesting acid or cloning defects.	A patient with scarred vocal chords doesn't have a recognizable voice; they'll always appear as Unknown when speaking, including over radio.	Synthflesh will heal scarred vocal chords when ingested in any quantity. Synthflesh is usually only prepared in patches and menders, so you might need to go out of your way to make a pill for it.
Addiction	Taking addictive drugs.	Addiction functions similar to a non-contagious disease, except it has an internal strength which can be raised or lowered. When scanning the patient, the health analyzer will tell you to which substance (methamphetamine and nicotine are common) they are addicted to and the stage of withdrawal. With each progressive stage, the symptoms become worse: falling over, vomiting, shaking and so on. A patient will get deeper into addiction the more addictive drugs they take, which will make it more difficult to cure. When the addiction is affected by outside factors, the patient may get coded messages which can tell them how deep into the addiction they are. The strength value of an addiction is roughly equivalent to the units of the drug that's been taken and lowers over time: 0-15: "The thought of [drug] is on your mind." 15-30: "Your every second thought is about [drug]." 30-60: "You can't go three seconds without thinking about [drug]." 60-100: "Four walls are closing in, and [drug] is the only escape." 100+: "[drug] [drug] [drug] [drug] [drug]" (repeating for every following 100)	Moderating the patient with diluted doses of the drug can be an effective cure whilst also preventing withdrawal symptoms, since there is a grace period after the drug has left their system when their symptoms cannot worsen. This can be done by, for example for a meth addiction, making 5u pills of 1-part sugar and 1-part meth, and telling them to take one whenever a withdrawal symptom is felt. If withdrawal symptoms aren't already too high they can be held at bay by consuming any addictive drug of a similar severity (caffeine cannot help a triple-meth addiction, but bath salts can). Although this is only suitable as a temporary measure before aquiring the specific drug the patient is addicted to, since it is less effective at reducing symptoms and causes the addiction to worsen over time. The Therapist's Office and the Chapel can be used to offer the patient therapy, which will steadily lower the strength of the patient's addiction until it's cured. This requires at least two people in the room, and for at least one of them to talk every 10 or so seconds. Although this does not help with withdrawal symptoms. If they have a lot of the chemical still in their veins, you can try flushing it out. Ask the patient to hibernate a minute or two in a sleepers, which should cure all addictions. Otherwise, they'll have to tough it out and wait until they overcome the addiction. You can offer a bed in medbay until they no longer feel reliant, but this is more for their safety, as withdrawal makes them very weak and open to mugging/assault. Chronic jitteriness can be fixed with 5 units of morphine or haloperidol. You can administer promethazine to stop/prevent the patient from puking.

Viruses

Main article: Virus

There are many different types of viruses on the station, each with its own effects and possible cures. Using a medical analyzer on someone who is infected will display specific information. For minor protection, wearing gloves and a biosuit is recommended. It doesn't hurt to have a syringe of spaceacillin on hand either. You may come in contact with:

Food poisoning

The most common condition you will encounter, which is caused by eating bad food. The patient can drink chicken soup, take Robustissin, and/or take a nap by falling asleep in medbay or any other bed.

Robotic transformation

The patient has nanomachines in their bloodstream. If nothing is done, their flesh will eventually rip apart to reveal a cyborg. Treat with electric shocks (see cardiac arrest).

MRSA

The patient is suffering from an aggressive bacterial infection. Fairly harmless in its early stages, but later on the accumulating toxin and burn damage can be lethal. As the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, more than one syringe of spaceacillin may be required.

Kuru

This fatal condition can be caused by cannibalism, eating brain burgers or exposure to prions. There is no known cure, so scan them with the cloner before they inevitably die.

Grave fever

Transmitted by vampires. It must be quickly counteracted with spaceacillin to prevent the patient from rotting away.

Clowning around

Usually the result of Admin screwery or rainbow fluid ingestion. Without some spaceacillin, this virus gradually turns the patient into a clumsy clown.

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