User:Cherman0/Nuclear Generator

See Also: Power Grid

The Nuclear Generator (Nuke) is the main source of power on Clarion and Nadir. It generates power by using nuclear reactions to heat a gas loop, which is then used to spin a turbine and create power.

Parts of the Nuclear Generator

Nuclear Reactor

The nuclear reactor is the primary source of heat that the generator uses to make power. It is represented as a 7x7 grid of reactor rod ports, which engineers can insert fabricated reactor rods into into. Gas flows into the reactor in order to absorb heat from a gas channel rod, which is in turn heated by nuclear fission reactions. The gas then flows out of the reactor and into a gas turbine, where that thermal energy is converted into electrical power. The reactor has a baseline gas capacity of 200 liters, which can be expanded by installing gas channel rods.

Reactor Rods

Four different types of reactor rods can be manufactured from the nuclear nano-fabricator: Fuel Rods, Control Rods, Heat Exchanger Rods, and Gas Channel rods. Each has a thermal cross-section and neutron cross-section stat, which represents how much to allow or restrict the passage of heat or neutrons.

Whenever a neutron enters the reactor grid location of an inserted rod, it has a chance to interact with that rod based on its density and neutron cross-section. Denser rods and rods with a larger cross-section are more likely to interact with a neutron. If the neutron fails to interact it will simply continue in the same direction as previously. Otherwise, it will do RNG checks influenced by the rod's stats in the following order, and perform the first reaction that passes the RNG check:

1. Neutron-Stimulated Nuclear Reaction: Checks the rod's Neutron Radioactivity. If successful, a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing one to five neutrons in random directions at medium to high speeds and raising the rod's temperature by 50 degrees. This deletes the original neutron.
2. Nuclear Reaction: Checks the rod's Radioactivity. If successful, a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing one to five neutrons in random directions at slow, medium, or high speeds and raising the rod's temperature by 25 degrees. This deletes the original neutron.
3. Reflection: Checks the rod's Hardness. If successful, the neutron bounces back in the direction it came, plus or minus 45 degrees.
4. Moderation: Occurs if all other reactions do not occur. This lowers the neutron's speed by one stage, or deletes it if the neutron was already at a slow speed. If the rod was a control rod, it always deletes the neutron, regardless of its speed.

Radioactive or neutron radioactive rods can also undergo spontaneous neutron emission by passing separate RNG checks. These checks are independent of both the neutron interaction checks and each other:

• Spontaneous Neutron Decay: Checks Neutron Radioactivity and Neutron Cross-Section. If successful, a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing one to three neutrons in random directions at high speeds and raising the rod's temperature by 20 degrees. This reduces the rod's neutron radioactivity by 0.01 and raises its radioactivity by 0.005.
• Spontaneous Decay: Checks Radioactivity and Neutron Cross-Section. If successful, a nuclear reaction occurs, releasing one to three neutrons in random directions at slow, medium, or high speeds and raising the rod's temperature by 10 degrees. This reduces the rod's radioactivity by 0.01 and raises its nuclear waste by 0.005.

Aside from neutrons, reactor rods can also move heat throughout the reactor grid. How rapidly a rod is able to transfer heat to or from cardinally adjacent rods is dependent on its Thermal Cross-Section and Thermal Conductivity. If any reactor rod is above 1700 degrees kelvin, it will begin to melt. Once melted, it will have its neutron cross-section set to 5.0 and its thermal cross-section set to 1.0, making it dramatically more active nucularly and much more efficient at exchanging heat with adjacent rods. This will cause a rapid spike in temperature in the reactor, potentially leading to a total meltdown.

Handling hot reactor rods can cause major burns. Spacepeople have extremely robust skin capable of harmlessly withstanding up to 80 degree Celsius metal straight from a nuclear reactor. Beyond that point, however, those not wearing gloves (even fingerless gloves work, provided they're not made of a conductive material) will take at least 50 BURN to the arm holding the reactor rod every life cycle, which would be extremely lethal if not for the tendency to cause you to drop the rod by simply incinerating the arm right off. At truly excessive temperatures (400+ degrees Celsius), the rod will set you on fire outright regardless of if you're wearing gloves.

Fuel Rod

• Neutron Cross-Section: 1.0
• Thermal Cross-Section: 0.02

Fuel rods are intended to provide a source of neutrons from spontaneous decay and from interacting with existing neutrons. They are optimally constructed from materials with high Radioactivity and/or Neutron Radioactivity. In order to ensure that they get hit by neutrons more often, it is also good for them to have high Density.

Control Rod

• Neutron Cross-Section: 1.0
• Thermal Cross-Section: 0.01

Control rods are intended to control the flow of neutrons in the reactor. They are optimally constructed from materials with high Density in order to increase how often they interact with a passing neutron. If you want them to reflect neutrons more often instead of simply deleting them, high Hardness is also ideal. Control rods have the unique mechanic of being able to control their insertion level into the reactor. This defaults to 100% and is functionally a multiplier to the rod's neutron cross-section. MechComp signals can be used to automatically control the rod insertion level. Control rods also have the unique property of simply deleting neutrons instead of slowing them down during moderation, making them effective at reducing neutron leakage from the reactor. They will lose this property if melted, however.

Heat Exchanger Rod

• Neutron Cross-Section: 0.1
• Thermal Cross-Section: 0.4

Heat exchanger rods are intended to control the flow of heat in the reactor. They are optimally constructed from materials with high Thermal Conductivity. They have a high thermal cross section and a low neutron cross-section, meaning that they can effectively move heat from the fuel rods to the gas channel rods without significantly interfering with the fission process.

Gas Channel Rod

• Neutron Cross-Section: 0.5
• Thermal Cross-Section: 0.05
• Gas Thermal Cross-Section: 0.95

Gas Channel Rods are intended to transfer heat from themselves into the gas that flows through them. They are optimally constructed from materials with high Thermal Conductivity. Each gas channel rod has a volume of 100 liters, meaning that installing more will allow the reactor to process more gas at once. Gas channel rods transfer their own temperature into their contained gas based thermal conductivity and gas thermal cross section. If a gas channel rod is melted, its gas thermal cross-section is set to 0.1, making it dramatically worse at heating the gas that passes through it. This is usually a good thing, though, as any gas that passes through a melted gas channel rod is leaked directly into the station atmosphere.

Gas channel rods also have a unique interaction with neutrons when they contain plasma gas. Every 10 mol of plasma present in a gas channel represents an additional 1% chance for any passing neutron to interact with the gas. If a neutron does interact, 1 mol of plasma will be deleted and replaced by 10 mol of radioactive fallout gas. This gas has a much lower specific heat than plasma, meaning that it may reduce the efficiency of a nuclear reactor over a long period of time. Additionally, the interacting neutron will increase its speed by one stage and continue on its previous path.

Gas Turbine

The gas turbine is where the power actually gets made. It takes in hot gas from the reactor and outputs electricity and moderately colder gas back to the reactor. The turbine functions at peak efficiency when rotating at 600RPM, and is designed for much cooler temperatures than the TEG. If the temperature of the gas in the turbine ever exceeds 3000 kelvin, an emergency purge system will activate and the turbine's entire gas contents will be ejected into the station atmosphere. The turbine has two configurable settings, both of which can be adjusted manually or using MechComp signals: Flow Rate and Stator Load.

Flow Rate

Flow rate is the amount of gas the turbine can process at once. In order to normalize pressure across the pipe network, it is generally advised to set the turbine's flow rate equal to the flow rate of the reactor (which can be determined using an atmospherics analyzer, or mathematically as the number of gas channel rods * 100 + 200). Lowering flow rate will create a bottleneck effect that increases pressure before the turbine and decreases pressure after the turbine, which may cause pipes to burst in extreme cases. Raising flow rate will decrease pressure in the entire pipe network, which can be used to prevent excessive pressure from rupturing the pipes.

Stator Load

Stator load basically represents how much thermal energy is required to spin the turbine. Higher stator load settings will increase power generation per revolution and decrease the rate of revolution. In order to maintain peak generator efficiency, it is advised to adjust stator load to keep the turbine RPM as close to 600 RPM as possible. Clever usage of MechComp devices can allow for automatically adjusting stator load to compensate for changing amounts of thermal energy entering the turbine.